Ice-machine compressor



H. D. POWNALL. lCE MACHINE COMPRESSOR. APPLICATION FILED SEPT.28, 1918.

Patented May 31,1921.

9 m j v U, 2 2 9 1 Y H 8 LY ii w UNHT ATS HENRY 1D. POWNALL, @F GANTQN, M0.

ICE-MACHINE COMPRESSQR.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 311, 31921.

Application filed September 28, 1918. Serial No. 256,126.

To aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY D. POWNALL, a citizen of the United States, residin at Canton, in the county of Stark and tate of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Ice Machine Compressors, of which the'following is a specification. 1

My invention relates to improvements in ice machine compressors. One of its ob ects is to provide a compressor of compact dimensions and with the requisite length ofobject is to provide improved plunger, connecting rod and intake port and valve mechanism. My invention also comprises cer-. tain details of form, combination and arrangement, all of which will be fully set forth in the description of the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a central vertical section through an ice machine compressor embodying my improvements.

Fig. 2 is a horizontal section on line 2 2' of Fig. 1. I

Fig. 3 is a horizontal section on line 3 3 of FIg. 1. g

Fig. t is a sectional detail similar to Fi 1, with the plunger at the upper limit of its stroke.

The accompanying drawings illustrate the preferred embodiment of my invention in which A represents the main crank-case and cylinder, B represents the plunger, D represents the crank-shaft, and E the connecting rod or pitman pivotally connected by the pin 7 to the plunger at one end andat the other end to the crank of the crank-shaft.

A water jacket 8 is cored in the upper portion of the cylinder'wall, and is sup plied with cooling water through the pipe 9 and water therefrom escapes through the pipe 10. One or more cylinders may be cast integral or in one block as may be desired. Usually one .or bothends of the crank case A are closed'by detachable caps or heads 11, to facilitate introduction of the crank main exit valve 22.

shaft and to provide access to the crankcase.

To provide for carrying out the refrigerating operations under most favorable conditlons, that is introducing the vaporous refrigerant into the cylinder without introducmg a r or other impurity therewith, and wlthout introducing the refrigerant directly through the crank-casing, securing a long single acting stroke in the compressor and a full supply of refrigerant to the cylinder at each stroke, with a minimum length of cylinder and plunger, I introduce the vaporous refrigerant at an intermediate point in the cylinder through the cylinder wall by means of a port to which a valve controlled refrigerant supply pipe 12.is connected, and which is ready to discharge the refrigerant at all phases of the plunger stroke to the cylinder, and through practically the entire stroke of the plunger into an intermediate compartment 14: of the plunger which is elongated at the side of the plunger next to the intake port, and

which compartment is separated from the wrist pin compartment 15 of the plunger by a partition wall 16. The compartment 14 communicates with the chamber 17 in the main plunger head 18 from which an annular port 19 leads through the plunger head to the interior chamber of the cylinder above the plunger. The annular port 19 has valve seats at'opposite sides of its upper face and is closed bya gravity actuated inlet valve 20, which is held in place and limited in movement by means of a keeper 21, threaded vand keyed to a projection on the plunger head. The valve and keeper have beveled or inclined outer faces which at the upper limit of the plunger movement enter and closely fit a correspondin ly inclined recess 22' through the The valve 22 seats at its lower face .upon an annular ledge 24 formed in the upper portion of the cylinder.

The .upper'face of the valve 22 has a plurality of projections 25 which support a cap 26. The cap 26 is held to the valve 22 by bolts 26' with gas exit portsbetween said valve 22 and cap 26 vertically andbetween the respective projections 25 laterally, to

' lead the refrigerant from the cylinder to the exit. valve chamber 27 above the exit valve.

0n the upper face of the main exit valve 22 is a valve seat on which rests alight weight disk shaped auxiliary exit valve 28. The valve 28 is held in place laterally by the projections 25, and may be gravity actu ingly held in place by means of a spring 29 and the valve 28 is held yieldingly in place by a relatively lighter or more resilient spring 30, In practice the main exit valve 22 does not ordinarily lift from its seat at each stroke of the plunger, instead the gas pressure within the cylinder causes the auxiliary valve 28 to more readily lift from its seat due to its light weight and more resilient spring, and hence to lift at each stroke of the plunger, and at the extremity of the upward stroke the plunger comes closeto the under face of the valve 22 and its conical projection enters and fills the conical recess or opening through valve 22 thus forcing practically all the gas from the cylinder through the valve 28. In the event however that the valve 28 should fail to open, or that liquid or other foreign mat ter should'by accident he introduced into the cylinder above the plunger, then the main valve would lift from its seat and thereby avoid injury-to the compressor. A c linder head 31 closes the upper end of t e exit valve chamber 27 and holds the spring 29 in position.

The compressed gas passes from the exit valve chamber to a condenser through a valve controlled pipe 32. The plunger is provided with a series of packing rings 33 at its upper end above the plunger compartment 1 1-, and with one or more packing rings 34 at its lower end below the compartment 14:. The compartment l l is thus separated from the compression chamber of the cylinder by the rings 33 and also from the crank case by the packing ring 34. The projections 25 serve to guide the valve 22 vertically in the chamber 27. The drip point 36 and recess 37 provide for an automatic oil feed to and from the wrist pin bearing.

By providing a gas intake through the sidewall of the cylinder continuously in communication with a chamber located at one side of the Wrist-pin compartment, or at one side and above the wrist-pin compartment, I am enabled to accomplish a number of desirable results, due to the harmonious combination and operation of the com pressor elements. The length of the cylinder is reduced to a minimum for a given length of stroke, thereby providing a com- ,pact strong compressor with a minimum: of vibration, a minimum of material, and less weight/.1 lhe wrist-pin may thus be l'ocated;midway of the length of the plunger and" so asto pass beyond the cylinder gas intake port, thereby balancingor distribut ing the lateral thrust'equally from the wrist necting rod on the plunger to a minimum,

and at the same time providing room for the movement of the pitman laterally within the plunger, and for connecting the wristpin to the plunger and pitman with sufficient thickness of metal and bearing surface to safely support the strain and wear on said parts. An ample and unobstructed intake gas port is provided at all times. The partition 16 separates the wrist-pin compartment of the plunger from the intake compartment I l and thus provides for lubrication by the splash system without introducing any considerable lubricant into the refrigerating system, and the intake gas is excluded from the crank case compartment below the plunger.

The mechanism herein illustrated and described is capable of considerable modification without departing from the principle of my invention.

Having described my invention, what I claim is:

1. A single-acting compressor comprising a cylinder having an exit-port at one end, a check-valve to control said cylinder-exitport, a gas-inlct-port through the cylinder side-wall, a piston to reciprocate in said cylinder having aport through its inner end and a channel in its periphery parallel with the piston axis and of approximately the length of the piston stroke, a check-valve to control said piston port, said piston havmg a packing-ring at its inner end and a packing-ring at its outer end, said channel communicating continuously with said cyl inder inlet port and communicating with the compression chamber of the cylinder through said check-valve-controlled port in the inner end of the piston, a wrist-pin located in said piston in a compartment separate from and at one side of said piston channel and located at a point intermediate of said inner and outer piston rings, and means engaging said wrist-pin to drive said piston, whereby a long piston stroke is attainable with a relatively short cylinder.

2, A single-acting compressor comprising a cylinder having an exit-port at one end, a check-valve to control said cylinder-exitport, a gas-inlct-port through the cylinder side wall, a piston to reciprocate in said cylinder having a channel in its periphery parallel with the piston axis and of substan tially the length of the piston stroke, and

aseparate wrist-pin. compartment overlapher of the cylinder through a port in the end of the plston, a check-valve carried by the piston to control the piston-inlet-port, a wrist-pin located in said piston wrist-pin compartment intermediate of opposite ends of said channel and substantially midway of the piston length, and means engaging said wrist-pin to drive said piston, whereby a long piston stroke is attainable with a relatively short cylinder.

A gas compressor comprising a plunger having a conical projection extending into the compression chamber of the cylinder, a cylinder having a compression chamber section in which the plunger reciprocates, and a section of greater diameter than the compression chamber and an annular valve seat between said cylinder sections, a main valve guided by and movable in said cylinder section of larger diameter and provided with a conical perforation to receive the conical projection of the plunger, an, auxiliary exit valve seated upon said main valve to close said conical perforation, a valve cage attached to said main valve and serving to retain and limit the movement of said auxiliary valve, a stationary cap to close the enlarged cylinder section, and a spring interposed between the main valve and said cap.

4. A gas compressor comprising a plunger having a conical projection upon its upper face, a cylinder having a lower section in which said plunger reciprocates and an upper section of greater diameter than its lower section and an annular shoulder between said sections to support a main valve, a main valve seated on said shoulder and provided with a conical perforation a sub stantial counterpart of the conical projection on said plunger, a valve seat on the upper face of said main valve, an auxiliary exit valve seated upon the upper face of said main valve. and closing said conical perforation, a valve cage mounted upon said main valve to retain said auxiliary valve against lateral displacement and to limit its lift from its seat, a cap to close the end of said enlarged cylinder section, and a gas exit port from said enlarged cylinder section above said valves. 5. A gas compressor comprising a plunger having a conical projection upon its upper face, a cylinder having a lower sectlon in which said plunger reciprocates and an upper section of greater diameter than its lower section and an annular shoulder between said sections to support a main exit -jection on the plunger and a valve seat on its upper face surrounding said perforation, a disk shaped auxiliary exit valve seated upon the upper face of said main valve and closing said perforation, means to retain said auxiliary valve laterally in place, means to limit the vertical movement of said auxiliary valve, a cap closing the enlarged section of the cylinder, and a gas exit port from said enlarged section of the cylinder.

6. A gas compressor comprising a compressor cylinder having a gas intake port through its side wall and a gas exit port and valve at one end, a hollow single acting plunger having a gas port and valve in its head and divided by an imperforate partition longitudinally and transversely, to form a gas intake passage from the cylinder intake port to the plunger valve port long enough to maintain communication between said cylinder intake port and said plunger port through practically all of the plunger stroke, and forming a gas supply passage to the plunger port extending transversely across substantially the entire area of the plunger at the upper end thereof and to form a wrist-pin chamber-in the central and lower part of'said plunger, and means to operate the plunger through a wrist-pin in said wrist-pin compartment.

7 A gas compressor comprising a compressor cylinder having a gas intake port through its side wall and a gas exit port and valve at one end, a hollow single acting plunger having a substantially annular gas port of nearly the diameter of the plunger and a valve to close said plunger port located at the head of said plunger, an imperforate partition dividing said plunger longitudinally and transversely to form a wrist-pin compartment in the central and lower portion of said plunger and a gas passage above and at one side of the wristpin compartment of substantially the diameter of said plunger port above said wrist-pin compartment andextending longitudinally of said plunger to maintain communication between said cylinder intake port and said plunger port through substantially the entire plunger stroke, a wristpin in said wrist-pin compartment at substantially midway of the length of said plunger, and means to operate said plunger through said wrist-pin.

In testimony whereof I have aflixed my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

HENRY D. POWNALL.

Witnesses:

GRACE A. MCCLURE, Warren D. TOWNSEND.

Iltltl 

